This paper examines the reasons behind this failure, emphasizing issues stemming from a 1938 Fordham University offer that remained unrealized. The failure, as detailed in Charlotte Buhler's autobiography, is contradicted by our analysis of unpublished documents, which pinpoint incorrect reasoning. find more In addition, we discovered no proof that Karl Bühler ever had an offer from Fordham University extended to him. Charlotte Buhler's trajectory towards a full professorship at a research university was unfortunately derailed by an unfortunate confluence of political hurdles and less-than-optimal choices. The APA retains complete ownership and copyright for the PsycINFO Database Record, 2023.
A survey revealed that 32 percent of American adults indicated e-cigarette use every day or occasionally. The VAPER Study, a longitudinal online survey, analyzes the patterns of e-cigarette and vaping device use to anticipate the possible advantages and disadvantages of future e-cigarette policies. The variability of e-cigarette devices and their associated liquids, the ability to personalize these components, and the absence of standardized reporting protocols all present unique measurement hurdles. Furthermore, deceptive survey responses from automated systems and survey takers compromise data integrity and require mitigation.
The VAPER Study's three-wave protocols are detailed, along with a discussion of recruitment and data processing, drawing on experiences and lessons learned, particularly regarding bot and fraudulent survey respondent mitigation strategies and their respective benefits and drawbacks.
From 404 Craigslist recruitment sites distributed across the 50 United States, American adults, 21 and up, who regularly employ e-cigarettes five times weekly, are sought for participation. Marketplace diversity and user personalization are addressed by the questionnaire's designed skip logic and measurement tools, including different skip pathways for various device types and user customizations. find more To lessen the reliance on self-reported data, we further require participants to provide a photograph of their device. The source for all data is REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture; Vanderbilt University). New participants receive a US $10 Amazon gift card delivered by mail, and existing participants receive theirs electronically. The follow-up procedure includes a provision for replacing those lost to follow-up. To ensure participants receiving incentives aren't bots and likely possess e-cigarettes, several strategies are implemented, including mandatory identity verification and a device photograph (e.g., required identity check and photo of a device).
Data collection spanned three waves, from 2020 to 2021, involving 1209 participants in the initial wave, 1218 in the subsequent wave, and 1254 in the final wave. The transition from wave 1 to wave 2 resulted in a retention rate of 5194% (628/1209), showcasing the study's success in maintaining participant involvement. Importantly, 3755% (454/1209) of the wave 1 cohort completed the entire three-wave study. These data about e-cigarette usage in the United States, demonstrated a widespread correlation to everyday users, prompting the calculation of poststratification weights for upcoming analyses. Our data provides a detailed look at user device attributes, liquid qualities, and key behaviors. This allows for a more informed perspective on the potential advantages and unintended consequences of regulatory changes.
The methodology of this study, in comparison with existing e-cigarette cohort studies, offers strengths such as efficient recruitment of a less common population and the collection of detailed data relating to tobacco regulatory science, for example, device wattage. The web-based nature of this research demands the development of multiple measures to counter bot and fraudulent participant issues, which can have a considerable impact on the timeline of the study. Successfully implementing web-based cohort studies hinges on proactively managing their inherent risks. Our subsequent phases will continue to investigate methods for improving recruitment efficiency, data accuracy, and participant retention.
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Clinical settings frequently leverage clinical decision support (CDS) tools within electronic health records (EHRs) to bolster quality improvement programs. Precise assessment and subsequent alterations of the program necessitate the tracking of the effects (both anticipated and unanticipated) of these tools. Methods for monitoring, presently, frequently rely on healthcare practitioners' self-assessments or direct observation of clinical workflows, necessitating extensive data collection and potentially leading to reporting bias.
This research intends to develop a novel monitoring method based on EHR activity data and to show its application in monitoring the CDS tools used by a tobacco cessation program sponsored by the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I).
We developed EHR-based performance metrics for the deployment of two clinical decision support tools. These include: (1) an alert that prompts clinic staff to complete smoking assessments and (2) an alert that encourages providers to address support, treatment, and potential referrals to smoking cessation clinics. Our evaluation of EHR activity data yielded metrics for the completion rate (encounter-level alert resolution) and burden (the number of alert firings prior to resolution, and the handling time) of the CDS tools. Post-implementation, we detail 12-month metrics for seven cancer clinics, comparing two clinics using only the screening alert and five using both alerts, housed within a central C3I facility. We pinpoint areas needing enhancement in alert design and clinic adoption.
5121 screening alerts were flagged within the 12 months after implementation commenced. The consistency of encounter-level alert completion (clinic staff acknowledging screening completion in EHR 055 and documenting screening results in EHR 032) was maintained, yet variations were evident between clinics. Support alerts were triggered a total of 1074 times over the course of 12 months. In 873% (n=938) of encounters, support alerts prompted provider action (rather than postponement); 12% (n=129) of cases showed a patient ready to quit; and a cessation clinic referral was ordered in 2% (n=22) of encounters. The analysis of alert burden suggests that, on average, both screening and support alerts were triggered over twice before resolution (screening 27; support 21). Delaying screening alerts took approximately the same amount of time as resolving them (52 seconds vs 53 seconds), but delaying support alerts consumed more time than resolving them (67 seconds vs 50 seconds) per case. These results inform four aspects of alert design and implementation that require improvement: (1) improving alert acceptance and successful completion through tailored regional approaches, (2) boosting alert effectiveness by incorporating extra strategies, such as training in physician-patient communication, (3) enhancing the precision of alert completion monitoring, and (4) striking a balance between the benefits of alerts and the workload they impose.
By monitoring the success and burden of tobacco cessation alerts, EHR activity metrics provided a more nuanced evaluation of potential trade-offs arising from alert implementation. These metrics are adaptable across different contexts and can help guide implementation adaptation.
EHR activity metrics enabled a nuanced appraisal of the benefits and drawbacks of tobacco cessation alerts' implementation, by monitoring their success and impact. Diverse settings benefit from the scalability of these metrics, which guide implementation adaptation.
Through a just and supportive review procedure, the Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology (CJEP) disseminates high-quality experimental psychology research. The Canadian Psychological Association, a partner with the American Psychological Association for the journal's creation, is responsible for the ongoing support and management of CJEP. The Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences (CPA) and the Brain and Cognitive Sciences section of CPA host world-class research communities, a roster exemplified by CJEP. The American Psychological Association's PsycINFO database record, from 2023, has its rights fully protected.
The general population experiences a lower frequency of burnout in comparison to physicians. The perceived lack of confidentiality, stigma associated with seeking help, and the identity of healthcare professionals all act as obstacles to obtaining appropriate support. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, factors contributing to physician burnout and hurdles in finding support have combined to substantially worsen mental distress and burnout risks.
This research paper details the rapid deployment and integration of a peer support program within a London, Ontario, Canadian healthcare facility.
Leveraging existing healthcare organization infrastructure, a peer support program was developed and launched in April 2020. The program Peers for Peers, in adopting the methodologies of Shapiro and Galowitz, determined core elements in hospitals that contributed to burnout. The design of the program stemmed from a fusion of peer support strategies employed by the Airline Pilot Assistance Program and the Canadian Patient Safety Institute.
Peer leadership training and program evaluations, conducted over two waves, yielded data that showcased a wide range of topics explored through the peer support program. find more Beyond that, the scope and size of enrollment augmentation continued throughout the two waves of program releases into 2023.
Physician receptiveness to the peer support program confirms its viability and ease of implementation within health care settings. Implementing structured program development and subsequent implementation offers a model other organizations can use to tackle emerging needs and challenges effectively.